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当前位置: Java > Java并发高频面试题 > 7.用Java实现死锁,并给出避免死锁的解决方案
class DeadLockDemo {
    private static Object resource1 = new Object();
    private static Object resource2 = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (resource1) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource1");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);   //线程休眠,保证线程2先获得资源2
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "waiting get resource2");
                synchronized (resource2) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource2");
                }
            }
        }, "线程 1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (resource2) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource2");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000); //线程休眠,保证线程1先获得资源1
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "waiting get resource1");
                synchronized (resource1) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource1");
                }
            }
        }, "线程 2").start();
    }
}
Thread[线程 1,5,main]get resource1
Thread[线程 2,5,main]waiting get resource1
Thread[线程 1,5,main]waiting get resource2

上面代码产生死锁的原因主要是线程1获取到了资源1,线程2获取到了资源2,线程1继续获取资源2而产生阻塞,线程2继续获取资源1而产生阻塞。解决该问题最简单的方式就是两个线程按顺序获取资源,线程1和线程2都先获取资源1再获取资源2,无论哪个线程先获取到资源1,另一个线程都会因无法获取线程1产生阻塞,等到先获取到资源1的线程释放资源1,另一个线程获取资源1,这样两个线程可以轮流获取资源1和资源2。代码如下:

    private static Object resource1 = new Object();
    private static Object resource2 = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (resource1) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource1");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);  
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "waiting get resource2");
                synchronized (resource2) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource2");
                }
            }
        }, "线程 1").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (resource1) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource1");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000); 
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "waiting get resource2");
                synchronized (resource2) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "get resource2");
                }
            }
        }, "线程 2").start();
    }
}

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